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Anatomy showing Cricopharyngeal muscle and upper esophagus

What is Cricopharyngeal Dysfunction? Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options

What is Cricopharyngeal Dysfunction? Cricopharyngeal Dysfunction (CPD) is a swallowing disorder that occurs when the cricopharyngeal muscle, located at the top of the esophagus, fails to relax properly during swallowing. This muscle acts as a valve that opens to allow food and liquid to pass from the throat into the esophagus. When it becomes stiff, […]

Radiologist conducting modified barium swallow study

What is a Modified Barium Swallow Study (MBSS)? Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options

What is a Modified Barium Swallow Study (MBSS)? A Modified Barium Swallow Study (MBSS), also known as a Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study, is a special X-ray test used to evaluate how well a person swallows. During the test, the patient consumes small amounts of food or liquid mixed with barium, a safe contrast material that shows […]

Patient performing swallowing rehabilitation exercises with therapist at THANC Hospital Chennai

What is Swallowing Rehabilitation? Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options

What is Swallowing Rehabilitation? Swallowing rehabilitation refers to a set of specialized therapies and exercises designed to help individuals who have difficulty swallowing (a condition known as dysphagi). These difficulties can result from neurological disorders, surgery, stroke, aging, or head and neck cancers. The goal of rehabilitation is to improve muscle coordination, strengthen swallowing muscles, […]

Medical team explaining prostate cancer screening and treatment to patient.

What is Prostate Cancer? Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options

What is Prostate Cancer? Prostate cancer is a type of malignancy that develops in the prostate gland — a small, walnut-shaped organ in men that produces seminal fluid, which nourishes and transports sperm. The disease occurs when abnormal cells in the prostate begin to multiply uncontrollably, forming a tumor that can invade nearby tissues or […]

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