What is Head and Neck Cancer?


Head and Neck Cancer refers to a group of cancers that start in the mouth, throat, larynx (voice box), nose, sinuses, or salivary glands. These cancers are often linked to lifestyle habits such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and viral infections like HPV.

This condition matters because head and neck cancers are among the most common cancers in India, especially in South India where tobacco chewing and smoking are more prevalent. Early detection is crucial, as these cancers can significantly impact speaking, swallowing, and overall quality of life if left untreated.

At THANC Hospital, our team of expert ENT surgeons and oncologists specializes in diagnosing and treating head and neck cancers using advanced technology and patient-centered care.

Understanding Head and Neck Cancer

Head and neck cancers usually begin in the squamous cells that line moist surfaces of the mouth, nose, and throat. They can spread quickly if not treated in time.

Causes and Risk Factors

  • Tobacco use (smoking and chewing)
  • Excessive alcohol consumption
  • HPV (Human Papillomavirus) infection
  • Poor oral hygiene
  • Prolonged exposure to harmful chemicals or dust
  • Family history of cancer

Who is Affected?

  • More common in men than women
  • Usually occurs in people over 40 years of age
  • Increasing cases in younger individuals due to HPV infection

Common Symptoms of Head and Neck Cancer

Key Symptoms

  • A lump or sore in the mouth or throat that does not heal
  • Persistent hoarseness or voice changes
  • Difficulty swallowing or breathing
  • Ear pain or ringing in the ears
  • Swelling in the jaw or neck
  • Frequent nosebleeds or blocked sinuses

When to Seek Medical Help

Consult a doctor immediately if you experience:

  • Unexplained lumps in the neck
  • Blood in saliva or phlegm
  • Persistent throat pain or difficulty swallowing
  • Sudden weight loss without reason

Diagnosis of Head and Neck Cancer

At THANC Hospital, we use world-class diagnostic tools to detect head and neck cancers early:

  • Physical Examination – Checking for visible growths or swelling
  • Endoscopy – Using a thin scope to examine the throat and larynx
  • Biopsy – Testing tissue samples for cancer cells
  • Imaging Tests – CT scan, MRI, PET-CT for staging cancer
  • Blood Tests – For overall health and treatment planning

Treatment Options for Head and Neck Cancer

Non-Surgical / Medical Treatments

  • Radiation therapy – Targeting and destroying cancer cells
  • Chemotherapy – Drugs to kill or slow cancer growth
  • Targeted therapy & Immunotherapy – Advanced treatments to boost recovery
  • Voice and swallowing therapy – To restore quality of life

Surgical / Advanced Treatments

  • Minimally invasive surgeries such as TransOral Robotic Surgery (TORS)
  • Neck dissections to remove affected lymph nodes
  • Reconstructive surgery for better function and appearance
  • High success rates with multidisciplinary care

Prevention & Lifestyle Tips

You can lower your risk of head and neck cancer with simple lifestyle changes:

  • Quit smoking and avoid tobacco products
  • Limit alcohol intake
  • Maintain good oral hygiene
  • Get vaccinated against HPV
  • Eat a balanced, antioxidant-rich diet
  • Go for regular ENT check-ups, especially if you are at higher risk

Why Choose THANC Hospital for Head and Neck Cancer?

  • Specialist Team: Experienced ENT surgeons, oncologists, and speech therapists
  • Advanced Technology: State-of-the-art diagnostic and surgical facilities
  • Holistic Care: From diagnosis to treatment and rehabilitation under one roof
  • Patient-First Approach: Personalized treatment plans for each patient
  • Success Stories: Thousands of patients treated with improved quality of life

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is head and neck cancer curable?

Yes, if detected early, many forms of head and neck cancer are curable with surgery, radiation, or a combination of treatments.

What is the best treatment for head and neck cancer?

The best treatment depends on the stage and type of cancer. Options include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and advanced therapies like TORS.

Can lifestyle changes help manage head and neck cancer?

Yes. Quitting tobacco and alcohol, maintaining nutrition, and following medical advice improve recovery and lower recurrence risk.

How do I know if my sore throat is cancer?

A sore throat lasting more than 3 weeks, especially with hoarseness, swallowing difficulty, or lumps in the neck, should be evaluated by a doctor.

When should I see a doctor for head and neck cancer?

See a doctor if you notice persistent hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, non-healing mouth ulcers, or unexplained lumps in the neck.

Does HPV cause head and neck cancer?

Yes, HPV is a known risk factor, especially for cancers in the throat and tonsils. Vaccination helps prevent HPV-related cancers.