Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)
Are you or your loved one struggling with chronic sinus infections, nasal congestion, facial pressure, or headaches that just won’t go away? These recurring symptoms often point to chronic sinusitis — a condition that can seriously affect breathing comfort, sleep quality, and daily productivity.
Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) is a safe, minimally invasive procedure that restores natural sinus drainage, relieves blockages, and helps patients breathe freely again. At Thanc Hospital, Chennai, we combine modern endoscopic technology with expert ENT care to ensure faster recovery, minimal discomfort, and lasting relief.
Read on to understand the entire FESS process, its benefits, safety measures, and recovery journey.
Our Rhinology (Nose) specialists at Thanc Hospital, Chennai are experts in diagnosing and treating chronic sinus and nasal conditions using advanced endoscopic techniques.
Understanding the Sinuses and Their Function
The sinuses are air-filled cavities within the facial bones — located around the nose, cheeks, forehead, and eyes. They produce mucus that moisturizes the nasal passages and traps dust, pollutants, and microorganisms.
When these passages become blocked due to infection, allergies, or structural issues, mucus builds up, leading to inflammation and pressure — commonly known as sinusitis.
Chronic sinusitis can cause:
- Persistent nasal congestion and difficulty breathing through the nose
- Facial pain or pressure around eyes, cheeks, or forehead
- Thick nasal discharge or postnasal drip
- Reduced or lost sense of smell
- Recurrent sinus infections despite medication
- Fatigue, poor sleep, or frequent headaches
When medical therapy fails to provide relief, FESS is often the next step for lasting improvement.
Recognizing the Signs You Might Need FESS
You may be a candidate for Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery if you experience:
- Sinus infections lasting longer than 12 weeks
- Frequent recurrence even after antibiotics
- Polyps or tissue growth inside the nasal passages
- Deviated septum or structural blockage
- Facial pain, heaviness, or persistent congestion
- Reduced sense of smell or taste
FESS is also recommended for people whose CT scan or nasal endoscopy shows obstruction that medication alone cannot resolve.
Diagnosing Chronic Sinus Problems
Before recommending surgery, ENT specialists perform a series of evaluations to pinpoint the exact cause of sinus blockage:
- Clinical History & Examination
Detailed review of symptoms, medical treatments used, and allergy history. - Nasal Endoscopy
A thin, flexible endoscope is used to visualize the nasal cavity and sinus openings to identify polyps, inflammation, or anatomical issues. - CT Scan of the Sinuses
High-resolution imaging reveals the extent of sinus blockage and guides surgical planning. - Allergy or Culture Tests (if needed)
Identifies infection-causing bacteria or allergens that may be contributing to chronic inflammation.
Only after confirming that medications, nasal sprays, and other conservative treatments have not helped, is FESS advised.
What Is Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)?
FESS is a minimally invasive surgical technique used to clear blocked sinus pathways and restore normal sinus ventilation. It is performed entirely through the nostrils — with no external cuts or scars.
Using a high-definition endoscope, the surgeon precisely removes diseased tissue, polyps, or bone spurs that block airflow and sinus drainage. The goal is to preserve as much healthy tissue as possible while opening natural sinus channels for normal function.
This procedure significantly reduces infection recurrence and enhances the effectiveness of ongoing medical therapy.
The FESS Procedure: Step by Step
Preoperative Preparation
A few days before surgery, your ENT team will:
- Conduct pre-surgical fitness and blood tests
- Review your medication and allergy history
- Advise on fasting (usually 6 hours before surgery)
- Stop blood-thinning medicines if required
- Explain the surgical plan and recovery expectations
Proper preparation helps ensure smooth anesthesia and safe postoperative healing.
On the Day of Surgery
- The procedure is performed under general anesthesia.
- The surgeon inserts an endoscope through the nostrils — no external incision.
- Specialized micro-instruments are used to remove blockages, polyps, or infected tissue.
- If necessary, the sinus openings are gently widened to restore drainage.
- Bleeding is controlled using advanced cautery techniques.
Duration: 60–90 minutes, depending on complexity.
Most patients can go home the same day or after a short observation period.
Concerned about chronic sinus infections, nasal blockages, or facial pressure?
Our expert ENT specialists at Thanc Hospital, Chennai are here to help.
Schedule a consultation to learn whether FESS is the right solution for you.
Recovery After FESS: What to Expect
Days 1–3: Initial Phase
- Mild nasal congestion, stuffiness, or slight bleeding is normal.
- Avoid blowing your nose or bending forward.
- Use prescribed nasal sprays and saline rinses regularly.
- Rest well and avoid strenuous activity.
Days 4–10: Healing Phase
- Breathing gradually improves as swelling reduces.
- Continue nasal irrigation to clear mucus or blood clots.
- Avoid dusty environments and exposure to smoke.
- Attend your first follow-up for cleaning and check-up.
Weeks 2–4: Full Recovery
- Nasal breathing normalizes, and sense of smell improves.
- Resume light work or school after your surgeon’s advice.
- Long-term improvement in sinus health becomes noticeable.
Long-Term Benefits of FESS
Patients who undergo FESS often experience:
- Relief from chronic sinus infections and headaches
- Improved nasal breathing and reduced congestion
- Fewer antibiotic requirements in the future
- Restoration of smell and taste
- Better sleep and daytime energy
- Enhanced overall quality of life
By reopening blocked sinus pathways, FESS helps restore natural sinus health and prevents recurring infections.
Safety and Success of Modern FESS
FESS is one of the safest ENT procedures when performed by experienced surgeons using modern technology.
Advantages of Modern Endoscopic FESS:
- No visible scars or external cuts
- Precise visualization using HD endoscopes
- Minimal bleeding and discomfort
- Quicker recovery and shorter hospital stay
- Lower recurrence rate of sinus infections
The success rate for FESS in chronic sinusitis patients is above 90%, especially when postoperative care is followed diligently.
Risks and How They Are Managed
Though rare, potential risks include:
- Mild nasal bleeding or crusting
- Temporary nasal blockage or congestion
- Infection (treated with antibiotics)
- Rare injury to nearby structures (minimized with endoscopic precision)
At Thanc Hospital–trained ENT units, these risks are minimized by:
- Thorough pre-surgery evaluation
- Advanced surgical equipment and safety monitoring
- Skilled anesthesia and experienced ENT specialists
- Strict postoperative follow-up protocols
Preparing for Surgery: Patient & Family Tips
- Understand the procedure and ask your doctor questions.
- Stop smoking and avoid alcohol before surgery.
- Follow fasting and medication guidelines exactly.
- Arrange for a caregiver to assist post-surgery.
- Keep the home environment clean and dust-free.
A calm, prepared mindset helps ensure a smoother recovery.
Experiencing chronic sinusitis or frequent nasal infections?
At Thanc Hospital, Chennai, our ENT specialists offer advanced, endoscopic sinus treatments like FESS — blending technology, safety, and compassionate care for the best outcomes.
✓ Expert ENT surgeons
✓ Minimally invasive endoscopic procedure
✓ Comprehensive pre- and post-op care
✓ Insurance & cashless facilities available
✓ Located conveniently in Chennai
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Is FESS painful?
No. It’s performed under general anesthesia. After surgery, mild congestion or soreness is managed with medications.
Will I have nasal packing after surgery?
Modern FESS often uses absorbable packing or none at all, reducing discomfort.
How soon will I feel better?
Most patients experience noticeable improvement in nasal breathing within 1–2 weeks.
Can sinusitis return after FESS?
Rarely. With proper aftercare, recurrence is minimal. Maintaining nasal hygiene and treating allergies helps prevent relapse.
When can I return to work?
Usually within 5–7 days, depending on your recovery and job type.
Are there non-surgical options before FESS?
Yes. Medical treatments, nasal sprays, and allergy control are tried first. FESS is considered only if these don’t provide lasting relief.
Final Thoughts
Chronic sinus problems can be frustrating and draining, but with modern techniques like Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS), long-term relief is achievable.
By restoring natural sinus ventilation, this minimally invasive surgery helps you breathe comfortably, sleep better, and live more actively. If you’ve been struggling with persistent sinusitis, consult an ENT specialist to see whether FESS is the right solution for you.
At Thanc Hospital, Chennai, our ENT experts deliver advanced sinus care with precision, safety, and empathy — helping you rediscover the comfort of effortless breathing.
